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History See also: History of ancient world China's criminal justice legacy application of law in ancient China has been carried out by "prefects". The notion of a prefect "in China for thousands of years. The system developed prefecture in both kingdoms, Chu and Jin period of Spring and Autumn. In Jin, dozens of prefects were spread across state, each limited authority and employment period. In Ancient China, prefects were government officials appointed by local magistrates, who reported to higher authorities such as regulators, which in turn were appointed by the head of state, usually Dynasty emperor. The prefects oversaw the civil administration of their "Prefecture", or jurisdiction. Prefects usually reported in the local magistrate, as the police report Modern judges. Under each prefect were "sub-prefects" who have collectively contributed with law enforcement agencies in the region. Some prefects were responsible for handling investigations, much like modern police detectives. Finally, the concept of system Prefecture "is spreading to other crops such as Korea and Japan. law enforcement in ancient China was also relatively progressive, allowing the female prefects. A few examples of ancient Chinese prefects include: Chong Fu - prefect Borough Ying of the Han Dynasty and Qing Tsao East - prefect of the Shang-tung Province modern. for example, a woman would be prefect by Lady Qu Wuding (1531-ca is used. in 1557). Recent representations A of prefects in modern popular culture include Jet Li's prefect representation unnamed in the movie Hero. Pre-Medieval Europe in ancient Greece ancient Greek slaves, public have been used by the magistrates of the police. In Athens, a group 300 Scythian slaves was used to guard public meetings to maintain order and for crowd control, and also helped to deal with criminals, the treatment of prisoners, and make arrests. other functions related to modern policing, as investigating crimes, were left to citizens themselves. Roman In most of Empire's army, rather than an organization dedicated police provided security. local guardians have been hired by cities to provide additional security. In Rome itself, the urban cohorts were responsible for public order and acted as a dedicated police force. Magistrates as the financial and Quaestors Prosecutor investigating crimes. There was no concept of the Crown, so that victims of crime or their families have had to organize and manage their own proceedings. Before its decline, the Roman Empire had a relatively effective law enforcement system. During the reign of Augustus, when the capital was increased to nearly one million inhabitants, 14 wards have been established neighborhoods were protected by seven squads of 1,000 men called "Vigils," who defended against fire and served as night watchmen. If necessary, the guards could be called the Praetorian Guard for help. From the 5th century, policing became a function of clan chiefs and heads of state. [Change] European medieval England Development The Anglo-Saxon system of maintaining public order since the Norman Conquest was a private decuries, led by a constable, which was based on a social obligation for the proper conduct of others was more common that local lords and nobles were responsible to maintain order in their land, and often appointed a constable, sometimes unpaid, to uphold the law. modern Spanish police in Europe has a precedent in the Hermandades or "brotherhoods", maintaining armed groups of individuals, a characteristic of municipal life into medieval Spain, particularly in Castile. As medieval Spanish kings were often simply could not offer adequate protection, protective municipal leagues are began to emerge in the 12th century against bandits and other criminals in rural areas, and against the lawless nobility or to support one or the other pretenders to the crown. These organizations.